The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.